What Is Homocysteine?

Homocysteine is an amino acid produced during methionine metabolism. At normal levels, it's a routine byproduct. At elevated levels, it damages blood vessel lining and promotes clot formation.

Why It Matters

Elevated homocysteine is independently associated with:

• Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
• Cognitive decline and dementia
• Blood clot formation (thrombosis)
• Peripheral artery disease

What Causes Elevated Homocysteine?

• B vitamin deficiency — particularly B12, B6, and folate
• MTHFR gene variants — impair folate processing
• Kidney dysfunction
• Hypothyroidism
• Certain medications — methotrexate, metformin at high doses

Normal vs. Elevated Levels

Below 10 µmol/L: Normal. 10–15: Mildly elevated. 15–30: Moderately elevated. Above 30: Severely elevated.

How to Lower Homocysteine

• B12, B6, and folate supplementation
• Methylfolate (5-MTHF) for MTHFR variants
• Dietary changes — leafy greens, legumes, meat, eggs

Is Homocysteine Tested in a Standard Physical?

No. Stem Health tests homocysteine in the cardiovascular panel of every Core and Horizon Assessment.